Method of controlling initial power ramp-up in a CDMA system by using short codes

ABSTRACT

A method of controlling transmission power during the establishment of a channel in a CDMA communication system utilizes the transmission of a short code from a subscriber unit to a base station during initial power ramp-up. The short code is a sequence for detection by the base station which has a much shorter period than a conventional spreading code. The ramp-up starts from a power level that is lower than the required power level for detection by the base station. The subscriber unit quickly increases transmission power while repeatedly transmitting the short code until the signal is detected by the base station. Once the base station detects the short code, it sends an indication to the subscriber unit to cease increasing transmission power. The use of short codes limits power overshoot and interference to other subscriber units and permits the base station to quickly synchronize to the spreading code used by the subscriber unit.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/721,034,filed Nov. 22, 2000, which application is incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to CDMA communication systems.More specifically, the present invention relates to a CDMA communicationsystem which utilizes the transmission of short codes from subscriberunits to a base station to reduce the time required for the base stationto detect the signal from a subscriber unit. The improved detection timeallows a faster ramp-up of the initial transmit power from thesubscriber units while reducing the unnecessary power overshoot.

2. Description of Related Art

The use of wireless telecommunication systems has grown dramatically inthe last decade as the reliability and capacity of the systems haveimproved. Wireless communication systems are being utilized in a varietyof applications where land line based systems are impractical orimpossible to use. Applications of wireless communications includecellular phone communications, communications in remote locations, andtemporary communications for disaster recovery. Wireless communicationsystems have also become an economically viable alternative to replacingaging telephone lines and outdated telephone equipment.

The portion of the RF spectrum available for use by wirelesscommunication systems is a critical resource. The RF spectrum must beshared among all commercial, governmental and military applications.There is a constant desire to improve the efficiency of wirelesscommunication systems in order to increase system capacity.

Code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication systems haveshown particular promise in this area. Although more traditional timedivision multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access(FDMA) systems have improved using the latest technological advances,CDMA systems, in particular Broadband Code Division Multiple Access™(B-CDMA™) systems, have significant advantages over TDMA and FDMAsystems. This efficiency is due to the improved coding and modulationdensity, interference rejection and multipath tolerance of B-CDMA™systems, as well as reuse of the same spectrum in every communicationcell. The format of CDMA communication signals also makes it extremelydifficult to intercept calls, thereby ensuring greater privacy forcallers and providing greater immunity against fraud.

In a CDMA system, the same portion of the frequency spectrum is used forcommunication by all subscriber units. Each subscriber unit's basebanddata signal is multiplied by a code sequence, called the “spreadingcode”, which has a much higher rate than the data. The ratio of thespreading code rate to the data symbol rate is called the “spreadingfactor” or the “processing gain”. This coding results in a much widertransmission spectrum than the spectrum of the baseband data signal,hence the technique is called “spread spectrum”. Subscriber units andtheir communications can be discriminated by assigning a uniquespreading code to each communication link which is called a CDMAchannel. Since all communications are sent over the same frequency band,each CDMA communication overlaps communications from other subscriberunits and noise-related signals in both frequency and time.

The use of the same frequency spectrum by a plurality of subscriberunits increases the efficiency of the system. However, it also causes agradual degradation of the performance of the system as the number ofusers increase. Each subscriber unit detects communication signals withits unique spreading code as valid signals and all other signals areviewed as noise. The stronger the signal from a subscriber unit arrivesat the base station, the more interference the base station experienceswhen receiving and demodulating signals from other subscriber units.Ultimately, the power from one subscriber unit may be great enough toterminate communications of other subscriber units. Accordingly, it isextremely important in wireless CDMA communication systems to controlthe transmission power of all subscriber units. This is bestaccomplished by using a closed loop power control algorithm once acommunication link is established. A detailed explanation of such aclosed loop algorithm is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application entitledCode Division Multiple Access (CDMA) System and Method filedconcurrently herewith, which is incorporated by reference as if fullyset forth.

The control of transmission power is particularly critical when asubscriber unit is attempting to initiate communications with a basestation and a power control loop has not yet been established.Typically, the transmission power required from a subscriber unitchanges continuously as a function of the propagation loss, interferencefrom other subscribers, channel noise, fading and other channelcharacteristics. Therefore, a subscriber unit does not know the powerlevel at which it should start transmitting. If the subscriber unitbegins transmitting at a power level that is too high, it may interferewith the communications of other subscriber units and may even terminatethe communications of other subscriber units. If the initialtransmission power level is too low, the subscriber unit will not bedetected by the base station and a communication link will not beestablished.

There are many methods for controlling transmission power in a CDMAcommunication system. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,109 (Gilhousen etal.) discloses a transmission power control system wherein thetransmission power of the subscriber unit is based upon periodic signalmeasurements from both the subscriber unit and the base station. Thebase station transmits a pilot signal to all subscriber units whichanalyze the received pilot signal, estimate the power loss in thetransmitted signal and adjust their transmission power accordingly. Eachsubscriber unit includes a non-linear loss output filter which preventssudden increases in power which would cause interference to othersubscriber units. This method is too complex to permit a base station toquickly acquire a subscriber unit while limiting the interference toother subscriber units. In addition, the propagation losses,interference and noise levels experienced in a forward link(transmission from the base station to a subscriber unit) is often notthe same as in a reverse link (transmission from a subscriber unit tothe base station). Reverse link power estimates based on forward linklosses are not precise.

Many other types of prior art transmission power control systems requirecomplex control signaling between communicating units or preselectedtransmission values to control transmission power. These power controltechniques are inflexible and often impractical to implement.

Accordingly, there is a need for an efficient method of controlling theinitial ramp-up of transmission power by subscriber units in a wirelessCDMA communication system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises a novel method of controllingtransmission power during the establishment of a channel in a CDMAcommunication system by utilizing the transmission of a short code froma subscriber unit to a base station during initial power ramp-up. Theshort code is a sequence for detection by the base station which has amuch shorter period than a conventional spreading code. The ramp-upstarts from a power level that is guaranteed to be lower than therequired power level for detection by the base station. The subscriberunit quickly increases transmission power while repeatedly transmittingthe short code until the signal is detected by the base station. Oncethe base station detects the short code, it sends an indication to thesubscriber unit to cease increasing transmission power. The use of shortcodes limits power overshoot and interference to other subscriberstations and permits the base station to quickly synchronize to thespreading code used by the subscriber unit.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide animproved technique for controlling power ramp-up during establishment ofa communication channel between a CDMA subscriber unit and base station.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent after reading the description of a presently preferredembodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic overview of a code division multiple accesscommunication system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operating range of a base station;

FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of communication signals between a basestation and a subscriber unit;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of the establishment of a communication channelbetween a base station and a subscriber unit;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the transmission power output from a subscriberunit;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are flow diagrams of the establishment of acommunication channel between a base station and a subscriber unit inaccordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention usingshort codes;

FIG. 7 is a graph of the transmission power output from a subscriberunit using short codes;

FIG. 8 shows the adaptive selection of short codes;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a base station in accordance with thepresent invention;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the subscriber unit in accordance with thepresent invention; and

FIGS. 11A and 11B are flow diagrams of the ramp-up procedure implementedin accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The preferred embodiment will be described with reference to the drawingfigures where identical numerals represent similar elements throughout.

A communication network 10 embodying the present invention is shown inFIG. 1. The communication network 10 generally comprises one or morebase stations 14, each of which is in wireless communication with aplurality of subscriber units 16, which may be fixed or mobile. Eachsubscriber unit 16 communicates with either the closest base station 14or the base station 14 which provides the strongest communicationsignal. The base stations 14 also communicate with a base stationcontroller 20, which coordinates communications among base stations 14.The communication network 10 may also be connected to a public switchedtelephone network (PSTN) 22, wherein the base station controller 20 alsocoordinates communications between the base stations 14 and the PSTN 22.Preferably, each base station 14 communicates with the base stationcontroller 20 over a wireless link, although a land line may also beprovided. A land line is particularly applicable when a base station 14is in close proximity to the base station controller 20.

The base station controller 20 performs several functions. Primarily,the base station controller 20 provides all of the operations,administrative and maintenance (OA&M) signaling associated withestablishing and maintaining all of the wireless communications betweenthe subscriber units 16, the base stations 14, and the base stationcontroller 20. The base station controller 20 also provides an interfacebetween the wireless communication system 10 and the PSTN 22. Thisinterface includes multiplexing and demultiplexing of the communicationsignals that enter and leave the system 10 via the base stationcontroller 20. Although the wireless communication system 10 is shownemploying antennas to transmit RF signals, one skilled in the art shouldrecognize that communications may be accomplished via microwave orsatellite uplinks. Additionally, the functions of the base stationcontroller 20 may be combined with a base station 14 to form a “masterbase station”.

Referring to FIG. 2, the propagation of signals between a base station14 and a plurality of subscriber units 16 is shown. A two-waycommunication channel (link) 18 comprises a signal transmitted 20 (Tx)from the base station 14 to the subscriber unit 16 and a signal received22 (Rx) by the base station 14 from the subscriber unit 16. The Txsignal 20 is transmitted from the base station 14 and is received by thesubscriber unit 16 after a propagation delay Δt. Similarly, the Rxsignal originates at the subscriber unit 16 and terminates at the basestation 14 after a further propagation delay Δt. Accordingly, the roundtrip propagation delay is 2 Δt. In the preferred embodiment, the basestation 14 has an operating range of approximately 30 kilometers. Theround trip propagation delay 24 associated with a subscriber unit 16 atthe maximum operating range is 200 microseconds.

It should be apparent to those of skill in the art that theestablishment of a communication channel between a base station and asubscriber unit is a complex procedure involving many tasks performed bythe base station and the subscriber unit which are outside the scope ofthe present invention. The present invention is directed to initialpower ramp-up and synchronization during the establishment of acommunication channel.

Referring to FIG. 3, the signaling between a base station 14 and asubscriber unit 16 is shown. In accordance with the present invention,the base station 14 continuously transmits a pilot code 40 to all of thesubscriber units 16 located within the transmitting range of the basestation 14. The pilot code 40 is a spreading code which carries no databits. The pilot code 40 is used for subscriber unit 16 acquisition andsynchronization, as well as for determining the parameters of theadaptive matched filter used in the receiver.

The subscriber unit 16 must acquire the pilot code 40 transmitted by thebase station 14 before it can receive or transmit any data. Acquisitionis the process whereby the subscriber unit 16 aligns its locallygenerated spreading code with the received pilot code 40. The subscriberunit 16 searches through all of the possible phases of the receivedpilot code 40 until it detects the correct phase, (the beginning of thepilot code 40).

The subscriber unit 16 then synchronizes its transmit spreading code tothe received pilot code 40 by aligning the beginning of its transmitspreading code to the beginning of the pilot code 40. One implication ofthis receive and transmit synchronization is that the subscriber unit 16introduces no additional delay as far as the phase of the spreadingcodes are concerned. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3, the relative delaybetween the pilot code 40 transmitted from the base station 14 and thesubscriber unit's transmit spreading code 42 received at the basestation 14 is 2 Δt, which is solely due to the round trip propagationdelay.

In the preferred embodiment, the pilot code is 29,877,120 chips inlength and takes approximately 2 to 5 seconds to transmit, depending onthe spreading factor. The length of the pilot code 40 was chosen to be amultiple of the data symbol no matter what kind of data rate orbandwidth is used. As is well known by those of skill in the art, alonger pilot code 40 has better randomness properties and the frequencyresponse of the pilot code 40 is more uniform. Additionally, a longerpilot code 40 provides low channel cross correlation, thus increasingthe capacity of the system 10 to support more subscriber units 16 withless interference. The use of a long pilot code 40 also supports agreater number of random short codes. For synchronization purposes, thepilot code 40 is chosen to have the same period as all of the otherspreading codes used by the system 10. Thus, once a subscriber unit 16acquires the pilot code 40, it is synchronized to all other signalstransmitted from the base station 14.

During idle periods, when a call is not in progress or pending, thesubscriber unit 16 remains synchronized to the base station 14 byperiodically reacquiring the pilot code 40. This is necessary for thesubscriber unit 16 to receive and demodulate any downlink transmissions,in particular paging messages which indicate incoming calls.

When a communication link is desired, the base station 14 must acquirethe signal transmitted from the subscriber unit 16 before it candemodulate the data. The subscriber unit 16 must transmit an uplinksignal for acquisition by the base station 14 to begin establishing thetwo-way communication link. A critical parameter in this procedure isthe transmission power level of the subscriber unit 16. A transmissionpower level that is too high can impair communications in the wholeservice area, whereas a transmission power level that is too low canprevent the base station 14 from detecting the uplink signal.

In a first embodiment of the present invention the subscriber unit 16starts transmitting at a power level guaranteed to be lower than what isrequired and increases transmission power output until the correct powerlevel is achieved. This avoids sudden introduction of a stronginterference, hence improving system 10 capacity.

The establishment of a communication channel in accordance with thepresent invention and the tasks performed by the base station 14 and asubscriber unit 16 are shown in FIG. 4. Although many subscriber units16 may be located within the operating range of the base station 14,reference will be made hereinafter to a single subscriber unit 16 forsimplicity in explaining the operation of the present invention.

The base station 14 begins by continuously transmitting a periodic pilotcode 40 to all subscriber units 16 located within the operating range ofthe base station 14 (step 100). As the base station 14 transmits thepilot code 40 (step 100), the base station 14 searches (step 101) for an“access code” 42 transmitted by a subscriber unit 16. The access code 42is a known spreading code transmitted from a subscriber unit 16 to thebase station 14 during initiation of communications and power ramp-up.The base station 14 must search through all possible phases (timeshifts) of the access code 42 transmitted from the subscriber unit 16 inorder to find the correct phase. This is called the “acquisition” or the“detection” process (step 101). The longer the access code 42, thelonger it takes for the base station 14 to search through the phases andacquire the correct phase.

As previously explained, the relative delay between signals transmittedfrom the base station 14 and return signals received at the base station14 corresponds to the round trip propagation delay 2 Δt. The maximumdelay occurs at the maximum operating range of the base station 14,known as the cell boundary. Accordingly, the base station 14 must searchup to as many code phases as there are in the maximum round trippropagation delay, which is typically less code phases than there are ina code period.

For a data rate Rb and spreading code rate Rc, the ratio L=Rc/Rb iscalled the spreading factor or the processing gain. In the preferredembodiment of the present invention, the cell boundary radius is 30 km,which corresponds to approximately between 1000 and 2500 code phases inthe maximum round trip delay, depending on the processing gain.

If the base station 14 has not detected the access code after searchingthrough the code phases corresponding to the maximum round trip delaythe search is repeated starting from the phase of the pilot code 40which corresponds to zero delay (step 102).

During idle periods, the pilot code 40 from the base station 14 isreceived at the subscriber unit 16 which periodically synchronizes itstransmit spreading code generator thereto (step 103). If synchronizationwith the pilot code 40 is lost, the subscriber unit 16 reacquires thepilot code 40 and resynchronizes (step 104).

When it is desired to initiate a communication link, the subscriber unit16 starts transmitting the access code 42 back to the base station 14(step 106). The subscriber unit 16 continuously increases thetransmission power while retransmitting the access code 42 (step 108)until it receives an acknowledgment from the base station 14. The basestation 14 detects the access code 42 at the correct phase once theminimum power level for reception has been achieved (step 110). The basestation 14 subsequently transmits an access code detectionacknowledgment signal (step 112) to the subscriber unit 16. Uponreceiving the acknowledgment, the subscriber unit ceases thetransmission power increase (step 114). With the power ramp-upcompleted, closed loop power control and call setup signaling isperformed (step 116) to establish the two-way communication link.

Although this embodiment limits subscriber unit 16 transmission power,acquisition of the subscriber unit 16 by the base station 14 in thismanner may lead to unnecessary power overshoot from the subscriber unit16, thereby reducing the performance of the system 10.

The transmission power output profile of the subscriber unit 16 is shownin FIG. 5. At t₀, the subscriber unit 16 starts transmitting at thestarting transmission power level P₀, which is a power level guaranteedto be less than the power level required for detection by the basestation 14. The subscriber unit 16 continually increases thetransmission power level until it receives the detection indication fromthe base station 14. For the base station 14 to properly detect theaccess code 42 from the subscriber unit 16 the access code 42 must: 1)be received at a sufficient power level; and 2) be detected at theproper phase. Accordingly, referring to FIG. 5, although the access code42 is at a sufficient power level for detection by the base station 14at t_(p), the base station 14 must continue searching for the correctphase of the access code 42 which occurs at t_(A).

Since the subscriber unit 16 continues to increase the outputtransmission power level until it receives the detection indication fromthe base station 14, the transmission power of the access code 42exceeds the power level required for detection by the base station 14.This causes unnecessary interference to all other subscriber units 16.If the power overshoot is too large, the interference to othersubscriber units 16 may be so severe as to terminate ongoingcommunications of other subscriber units 16.

The rate that the subscriber unit 16 increases transmission power toavoid overshoot may be reduced, however, this results in a longer callsetup time. Those of skill in the art would appreciate that adaptiveramp-up rates can also be used, yet these rates have shortcomings andwill not appreciably eliminate power overshoot in all situations.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes “short codes”and a two-stage communication link establishment procedure to achievefast power ramp-up without large power overshoots. The spreading codetransmitted by the subscriber unit 16 is much shorter than the rest ofthe spreading codes (hence the term short code), so that the number ofphases is limited and the base station 14 can quickly search through thecode. The short code used for this purpose carries no data.

The tasks performed by the base station 14 and the subscriber unit 16 toestablish a communication channel using short codes in accordance withthe preferred embodiment of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 6Aand 6B. During idle periods, the base station 14 periodically andcontinuously transmits the pilot code to all subscriber units 16 locatedwithin the operating range of the base station 14 (step 150). The basestation 14 also continuously searches for a short code transmitted bythe subscriber unit 16 (step 152). The subscriber unit 16 acquires thepilot code and synchronizes its transmit spreading code generator to thepilot code. The subscriber unit 16 also periodically checks to ensure itis synchronized. If synchronization is lost, the subscriber unit 16reacquires the pilot signal transmitted by the base station (step 156).

When a communication link is desired, the subscriber unit 16 startstransmitting a short code at the minimum power level P₀ (step 158) andcontinuously increases the transmission power level while retransmittingthe short code (step 160) until it receives an acknowledgment from thebase station 14 that the short code has been detected by the basestation 14.

The access code in the preferred embodiment, as previously describedherein, is approximately 30 million chips in length. However, the shortcode is much smaller. The short code can be chosen to be any length thatis sufficiently short to permit quick detection. There is an advantagein choosing a short code length such that it divides the access codeperiod evenly. For the access code code described herein, the short codeis preferably chosen to be 32, 64 or 128 chips in length. Alternatively,the short code may be as short as one symbol length, as will bedescribed in detail hereinafter.

Since the start of the short code and the start of the access code aresynchronized, once the base station 14 acquires the short code, the basestation 14 knows that the corresponding phase of the access code is aninteger multiple of N chips from the phase of the short code where N isthe length of the short code. Accordingly, the base station 14 does nothave to search all possible phases corresponding to the maximum roundtrip propagation delay.

Using the short code, the correct phase for detection by the basestation 14 occurs much more frequently. When the minimum power level forreception has been achieved, the short code is quickly detected (step162) and the transmission power overshoot is limited. The transmissionpower ramp-up rate may be significantly increased without concern for alarge power overshoot. In the preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the power ramp-up rate using the short code is 1 dB permillisecond.

The base station 14 subsequently transmits a short code detectionindication signal (step 164) to the subscriber unit 16 which enters thesecond stage of the power ramp-up upon receiving this indication. Inthis stage, the subscriber unit 16 ceases transmitting the short code(step 166) and starts continuously transmitting a periodic access code(step 166). The subscriber unit 16 continues to ramp-up its transmissionpower while transmitting the access code, however the ramp-up rate isnow much lower than the previous ramp-up rate used with the short code(step 168). The ramp-up rate with the access code is preferably 0.05 dBper millisecond. The slow ramp-up avoids losing synchronization with thebase station 14 due to small changes in channel propagationcharacteristics.

At this point, the base station 14 has detected the short code at theproper phase and power level (step 162). The base station 14 must nowsynchronize to the access code which is the same length as all otherspreading codes and much longer than the short code. Utilizing the shortcode, the base station 14 is able to detect the proper phase of theaccess code much more quickly. The base station 14 begins searching forthe proper phase of the access code (step 170). However, since the startof the access code is synchronized with the start of the short code, thebase station 14 is only required to search every N chips; where N =thelength of the short code. In summary, the base station 14 quicklyacquires the access code of the proper phase and power level by: 1)detecting the short code; and 2) determining the proper phase of theaccess code by searching every N chips of the access code from thebeginning of the short code.

If the proper phase of the access code has not been detected aftersearching the number of phases in the maximum round trip delay the basestation 14 restarts the search for the access code by searching everychip instead of every N chips (step 172). When the proper phase of theaccess code has been detected (step 174) the base station 14 transmitsan access code detection acknowledgment (step 176) to the subscriberunit 16 which ceases the transmission power increase (step 178) uponreceiving this acknowledgment. With the power ramp-up completed, closedloop power control and call setup signaling is performed (step 180) toestablish the two-way communication link.

Referring to FIG. 7, although the starting power level P₀ is the same asin the prior embodiment, the subscriber unit 16 may ramp-up thetransmission power level at a much higher rate by using a short code.The short code is quickly detected after the transmission power levelsurpasses the minimum detection level, thus minimizing the amount oftransmission power overshoot.

Although the same short code may be reused by the subscriber unit 16, inthe preferred embodiment of the present invention the short codes aredynamically selected and updated in accordance with the followingprocedure. Referring to FIG. 8, the period of the short code is equal toone symbol length and the start of each period is aligned with a symbolboundary. The short codes are generated from a regular length spreadingcode. A symbol length portion from the beginning of the spreading codeis stored and used as the short code for the next 3 milliseconds. Every3 milliseconds, a new symbol length portion of the spreading codereplaces the old short code. Since the spreading code period is aninteger multiple of 3 milliseconds, the same short codes are repeatedonce every period of the spreading code.

Periodic updating of the short code averages the interference created bythe short code over the entire spectrum. A detailed description of theselection and updating of the short codes is outside the scope of thisinvention. However, such a detailed description is disclosed in therelated application U.S. Patent Appln. entitled Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA) System and Method.

A block diagram of the base station 14 is shown in FIG. 9. Brieflydescribed, the base station 14 comprises a receiver section 50, atransmitter section 52 and a diplexer 54. An RF receiver 56 receives anddown-converts the RF signal received from the diplexer 54. The receivespreading code generator 58 outputs a spreading code to both the datareceiver 60 and the code detector 62. In the data receiver 60, thespreading code is correlated with the baseband signal to extract thedata signal which is forwarded for further processing. The receivedbaseband signal is also forwarded to the code detector 62 which detectsthe access code or the short code from the subscriber unit 16 andadjusts the timing of the spreading code generator 58 to establish acommunication channel 18.

In the transmitter section 52 of the base station 14, the transmitspreading code generator 64 outputs a spreading code to the datatransmitter 66 and the pilot code transmitter 68. The pilot codetransmitter 68 continuously transmits the periodic pilot code. The datatransmitter 66 transmits the short code detect indication and accesscode detect acknowledgment after the code detector 62 has detected theshort code or the access code respectively. The data transmitter alsosends other message and data signals. The signals from the datatransmitter 66 and the pilot code transmitter 68 are combined andup-converted by the RF transmitter 70 for transmission to the subscriberunits 16.

A block diagram of the subscriber unit 16 is shown in FIG. 10. Brieflydescribed, the subscriber unit 16 comprises a receiver section 72, atransmitter section 74 and a diplexer 84. An RF receiver 76 receives anddown-converts the RF signal received from the diplexer 84. A pilot codedetector 80 correlates the spreading code with the baseband signal toacquire the pilot code transmitted by the base station 16. In thismanner, the pilot code detector 80 maintains synchronization with thepilot code. The receiver spreading code generator 82 generates andoutputs a spreading code to the data receiver 78 and the pilot codedetector 80. The data receiver 78 correlates the spreading code with thebaseband signal to process the short code detect indication and theaccess code detect acknowledgment transmitted by the base station 16.

The transmitter section 74 comprises a spreading code generator 86 whichgenerates and outputs spreading codes to a data transmitter 88 and ashort code and access code transmitter 90. The short code and accesscode transmitter 90 transmits these codes at different stages of thepower ramp-up procedure as hereinbefore described. The signals output bythe data transmitter 88 and the short code and access code transmitter90 are combined and up-converted by the RF transmitter 92 fortransmission to the base station 14. The timing of the receiverspreading code generator 82 is adjusted by the pilot code detector 80through the acquisition process. The receiver and transmitter spreadingcode generators 82, 86 are also synchronized.

An overview of the ramp-up procedure in accordance with the preferredcurrent invention is summarized in FIGS. 11A and 11B. The base station14 transmits a pilot code while searching for the short code (step 200).The subscriber unit 16 acquires the pilot code transmitted from the basestation 14 (step 202), starts transmitting a short code starting at aminimum power level P₀ which is guaranteed to be less than the requiredpower, and quickly increases transmission power (step 204). Once thereceived power level at the base station 14 reaches the minimum levelneeded for detection of the short code (step 206) the base station 14acquires the correct phase of the short code, transmits an indication ofthis detection, and begins searching for the access code (step 208).Upon receiving the detection indication, the subscriber unit 16 ceasestransmitting the short code and starts transmitting an access code. Thesubscriber unit 16 initiates a slow ramp-up of transmit power whilesending the access code (step 210). The base station 14 searches for thecorrect phase of the access code by searching only one phase out of eachshort code length portion of the access code (step 212). If the basestation 14 searches the phases of the access code up to the maximumround trip delay and has not detected the correct phase, the search isrepeated by searching every phase (step 214). Upon detection of thecorrect phase of the access code by the base station 14, the basestation 14 sends an acknowledgment to the subscriber unit 16 (step 216).Reception of the acknowledgment by the subscriber unit 16 concludes theramp-up process. A closed loop power control is established, and thesubscriber unit 16 continues the call setup process by sending relatedcall setup messages (step 218).

Although the invention has been described in part by making detailedreference to the preferred embodiment, such detail is intended to beinstructive rather than restrictive. It will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art that many variations may be made in the structure andmode of operation without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention as disclosed in the teachings herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for controlling transmission powerduring the establishment of communications between a base station and atleast one subscriber unit, the method comprising: transmitting aperiodic signal from said subscriber unit at an initial predeterminedpower level that is lower than a power level required for detection bysaid base station; repeatedly transmitting the periodic signal, eachretransmission occurring at successively higher power levels; detectingsaid periodic signal at said base station when a sufficient power levelfor detection is achieved; transmitting a signal from said base stationconfirming that said periodic signal has been detected; and wherein theperiodic signal is a short code that is shorter than an access code. 2.The method of claim 1 wherein the short code is an integer multiple ofthe access code.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein a period of the shortcode length is a length of one symbol.
 4. A method for controllingtransmission power during the establishment of communication between abase station and at least one subscriber unit, the method comprising:transmitting a periodic signal from said subscriber unit at an initialpredetermined power level that is lower than a power level required fordetection by said base station; respectively retransmitting saidperiodic signal, each retransmission occurring at successively higherpower levels; transmitting a signal from said base station confirmingthat said periodic signal has been detected; terminating transmission ofthe periodic code and maintaining the power level present when saidconfirmation signal is received by said subscriber unit, for initiatinga next operation at said subscriber unit; and wherein said periodicsignal is a short code which is shorter than an access code which isused by a subscriber unit to access a base station.
 5. The method ofclaim 4 further comprising said base station, upon receipt of saidaccess code, searches for the correct phase of the access code.